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SlackBuild scripts
SlackBuild脚本本质上是一个shell脚本(通常采用bash shell语法), 它可以自动地配置、编译和创建Slackware包(*.tgz, *.txz, *.tbz 文件)
概述
从源代码创建Slackware包的基本过程可以总结如下,然个别差异应具体问题具体分析
- 解压源码压缩包 (通常为以 .tar.gz or .tar.bz2 结尾) 至某一“工作目录”下
- 创建名为
slack-desc
文件,并以正确的格式描述该软件 - 如有需要,可自行配置源码或为其打上补丁
- 编译/构建源代码生成可执行二进制文件(binary)
- 将程序安装至某临时目录
make install
(或类似的功能) 在构建系统(Build System)中是如何执行的。 在标准的 GNU Makefiles 中DESTDIR
变量传递给 make install
命令应该是足够的;但在不支持此选项的非标准 Makefiles和构建系统中,这可能需要额外地对“Makefile”打补丁或者对相关的(Build System)配置设置进行修改。
- 复制程序的文档或其它必要文件(包括安装后所需脚本)复制到安装目录中的相应子目录中。
- 使用临时目录(安装位置)中的”makepkg”实用工具创建一个Slackware软件包,然后可以使用“installpkg”实用工具进行安装。
虽然上面的步骤可以自行完成,但这个过程很繁琐且复杂,并且需要输入很多命令。通过shell脚本实现自动化安装,用户还可以与整个社区共享流程,使用和修改现有的SlackBuild脚本将同一程序升级到新版本也是很有必要的。
Creating SlackBuild scripts
A good hands-on tutorial on creating a SlackBuild script can be found here, and there are also a few templates available to get a feeling for what is needed from a script.
However, software may be written in different programming languages, use different build systems, or may even simply be written in an interpreted programming language with no obvious way to “install” it. In such cases, many steps involved in writing a SlackBuild script will differ from the standard way. Blindly copying and pasting commands from other SlackBuild scripts may or may not work.
It is recommended that anybody who wishes to write a SlackBuild script, study and understand the build system of a software project before attempting to write a SlackBuild script for it. A degree of proficiency in writing shell scripts is also a definite benefit, as it is the practice to use Bourne shell compatible scripts for SlackBuilds. Ideally, simple C projects which use the standard GNU Make system is a good way to start practicing writing SlackBuild scripts.
Submitting SlackBuild scripts to a public repository such as http://www.slackbuilds.org may additionally require adherence to certain conventions and coding standards. For instance, it would be necessary for the script to determine the target architecture at runtime rather than hard-coding it into the script. These standards attempt to make SlackBuild scripts as portable as possible.
SlackBuild 自动生成器
这里有些工具也许能辅助你创建SlackBuild脚本,具体如下所示:
- mkslack
SlackBuild生成脚本 by David Woodfall
扩展链接
- SlackBuilds 仓库 - http://www.slackbuilds.org/
- SlackBuild 模板 - http://slackbuilds.org/templates/
Sources
- Originally written by V.Harishankar for the SlackDocs Wiki Project