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Xmonad como un administrador de ventanas para Slackware
Xmonad es un gestor de ventanas en mosaico. Para obtener información sobre los administradores de ventanas en mosaico, lea este wiki: wikipedia
Para Xmonad lea aquí
Required packages
Xmonad is not included in Slackware by default, but available via SlackBuilds.org. Xmonad is written in Haskell and therefore some packages of the Haskell series are required in order to build Xmonad. Here are the packages in the correct build order:
- ghc (the glasgow-haskell-compiler)
- haskell-syb
- haskell-utf8-string
- haskell-X11
- haskell-transformers
- haskell-mtl
- xmonad
- haskell-random
- xmonad-contrib
- haskell-hinotify
- haskell-stm
- haskell-X11-xft
- haskell-text
- haskell-parsec
- xmobar (provides a statusbar)
I have additionally installed dmenu which is integrated into the statusbar and starts programs (like gmrun). I have also installed trayer
which provides a systray in the statusbar. Unfortunately trayer
is only available as an rpm-package. I wanted to write a SlackBuild script for it, but the sources are incomplete. Another tray is stalonetray which is available via SlackBuilds.org.
Configuration of Xmonad
After building and installing the above packages you can configure Xmonad. One remarkable feature of xmonad as well as xmobar is that it is not only written in the functional language Haskell, but also the configuration is a Haskell file. This makes it a bit difficult to understand the configuration files if one doesn't know Haskell. Well, I once tried to learn Haskell but (yet) without success.
At first one has to configure .xinitrc
in order to start Xmonad correctly when changing from runlevel 3 to 4.
.xinitrc
the following sections of my .xinitrc
configure dbus
, the mouse pointer and trayer
, then xmonad is started
# Use dbus-launch if installed. if test x"$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS" = x""; then dbuslaunch=`which dbus-launch` if test x"$dbus-launch" != x"" -a x"$dbus-launch" != x"no"; then eval `$dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session` fi fi xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr trayer --edge top --align right --SetDockType true --SetPartialStrut true \ --expand true --width 10 --transparent true --height 14 & exec xmonad
.xmobarrc
xmobar is a statusbar and displays useful information, in my case in the top part of the desktop. Below is an example of my .xmobarrc
:
Config { font = "-misc-fixed-bold-R-normal-*-13-*-*-*-*-*-*-*" , bgColor = "#1074EA" , fgColor = "#DDDDDD" , position = TopW L 90 , commands = [ Run BatteryP ["BAT1"] ["-t", "<acstatus><watts> (<left>%)", "-L", "10", "-H", "80", "-p", "3", "--", "-O", "<fc=green>On</fc> - ", "-o", "", "-L", "-15", "-H", "-5", "-l", "red", "-m", "blue", "-h", "green"] 60 , Run Cpu ["-L","3","-H","50","--normal","green","--high","red"] 10 , Run CpuFreq ["-t", "<cpu0> <cpu1>", "-L", "0", "-H", "2", "-l", "lightblue", "-n","white", "-h", "red"] 50 , Run Memory ["-t","Mem: <usedratio>%"] 10 , Run Swap [] 10 , Run Date "%a %d. %B %H:%M Uhr" "LC_TIME=de_DE date" 10 , Run StdinReader ] , sepChar = "%" , alignSep = "}{" , template = "%StdinReader% }{ <fc=#FFD700>%date%</fc> | %cpu% %cpufreq% | %memory% %swap% | Bat: %battery% " }
The first lines configure the font, foreground/background-colors and the position on the screen. The rest configures the information which should be shown in xmobar, battery-state, CPU-load, CPU-frequency, Memory-usage and Swap-usage, the date. Note that LC_TIME=de_DE date
forces the date command to use the language defined in LC_TIME
(German in my case).
For further explanation please read the manuals.
xmonad.hs
Here is an example of my ~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs
file
import XMonad import XMonad.Hooks.DynamicLog import XMonad.Hooks.ManageDocks import XMonad.Util.Run(spawnPipe) import XMonad.Util.EZConfig(additionalKeys) import System.IO myManageHook = composeAll [ className =? "Gimp" --> doFloat , className =? "Vlc" --> doFloat ] main = do xmproc <- spawnPipe "/usr/bin/xmobar /home/markus/.xmobarrc" xmonad $ defaultConfig { manageHook = manageDocks <+> manageHook defaultConfig , layoutHook = avoidStruts $ layoutHook defaultConfig , logHook = dynamicLogWithPP xmobarPP { ppOutput = hPutStrLn xmproc , ppTitle = xmobarColor "green" "" . shorten 50 } } `additionalKeys` [ ((mod4Mask, xK_c ), kill) ,((mod4Mask, xK_Return ), spawn "xterm") ] ]
Please read the documentation for xmonad.hs
. This is only an example (which works well for me).
Additional Hints
One can reload the configurations for xmobar and/or xmonad after changes with MOD+q without leaving X. This is very useful.
When using a tiling window manager one experiences that some applications behave unusual. In my xmonad.hs
file above you see Vlc
and Gimp
in the list of programs which should float. In order to find out the so called Classname
of the application (through which the application can be detected by the window manager) there is a script in the xmonad-contrib package. You can find it in /usr/share/doc/xmonad-contrib-0.10/scripts/
directory.