Vamos supor que você leu O guia de instalação, e você tem uma instalação limpa do Slackware em sua máquina com a qual você está satisfeito.

Este guia para iniciantes tem como objetivo colocá-lo firmemente no caminho do Slackware. Se você instalou o Slackware pela primeira vez, poderá se assustar com a visão do cursor piscando no login do console. Deixe esta página guiá-lo pela configuração inicial de um sistema Slackware recém-instalado.

Antes de continuarmos, é importante perceber que o gerenciador de pacotes do Slackware não executa nenhuma verificação de dependência. Se você é novo no Slackware, execute uma instalação completa (com a possível exceção do Série KDEI ) poderia evitar muitos problemas mais tarde.
A recomendação oficial do Slackware ¹⁾ é “Se você tiver espaço em disco, recomendamos que você faça uma instalação completa para obter melhores resultados”.

Quando o Slackware for iniciado pela primeira vez após concluir a instalação e a reinicialização, você notará que ele é inicializado na tela de logon do console - e não na tela gráfica de logon que você pode esperar do uso de outras distribuições. Não deixe que isso te desencoraje. É o primeiro estágio de uma experiência de aprendizado que o tornará muito mais versado no Linux depois de algumas semanas.

A instalação não ofereceu a criação de uma conta de usuário. Nesta fase, existe apenas a conta “root”. Você deve se lembrar da senha root, que você definiu no final do procedimento de instalação. Entre como “root” agora - você se encontrará em um prompt de raiz do console “#”.

Então agora o que? O usuário “root” não é a conta que você usará como rotina. Raiz destina-se à manutenção e configuração do sistema, atualizações de software e similares.
A primeira coisa a fazer é criar uma nova conta de usuário para você, sem os privilégios de root. Depois disso, é hora de começar a considerar a instalação de “Drivers gráficos proprietários” “(se você possui uma placa Nvidia ou Ati), configurando uma conexão de rede sem fio ou iniciando um ambiente de desktop gráfico . Há muito o que você pode fazer com o Slackware! Vamos começar com o básico.

A primeira coisa que você precisará fazer é criar sua própria conta de usuário não raiz. Existem duas maneiras de fazer isso, ambas no console. A maneira recomendada é usar os recursos interativos do Slackware.adduser script, portanto:

# adduser

e siga as instruções. Leia a página gerenciamento de usuários para obter mais detalhes sobre o script adduser. Você também pode usar o programa padrão não interativo do Linux useradd:

# useradd -m -g users -G wheel,floppy,audio,video,cdrom,plugdev,power,netdev,lp,scanner -s /bin/bash slacker

Feito isso, você pode fazer login na sua conta de usuário.
Faça logoff da conta raiz (digite logout no prompt raiz) e faça o login usando a nova conta que você acabou de criar. Agora vêm as aventuras realmente interessantes!

O instalador do Slackware é somente em inglês e também assumirá que o inglês é o idioma em que você deseja que os programas do seu computador sejam endereçados. Se você não fala inglês e deseja que o seu sistema Slackware “fale” com você no seu próprio idioma, consulte nosso artigo de instruções”Localização: Adapte o Slackware ao seu próprio idioma“

Agora que você tem o Slackware em execução, considere gastar um pouco de tempo cuidando da boa saúde do seu computador. O software que foi instalado como parte da versão do Slackware que você está executando, pode desenvolver vulnerabilidades. Quando essas vulnerabilidades são críticas para a saúde do seu computador, o Slackware geralmente publica uma versão corrigida do pacote de software. Esses pacotes corrigidos são disponibilizados on-line (no diretório /patches do lançamento) e anunciado no Lista de discussão do Slackware Security.

Você tem várias opções para manter sua instalação do Slackware atualizada. Não é aconselhável tornar o processo de aplicação das atualizações de segurança totalmente automático, mas é possível fazer isso usando uma tarefa cron.

Sua melhor opção é usar slackpkg,que é um gerenciador de pacotes além do próprio Slackware pkgtools. Antes que você possa usar slackpkg você precisará definir um espelho online a partir do qual ele fará o download das atualizações no seu computador.

Uma lista de espelhos disponíveis para a sua versão do Slackware pode ser encontrada neste arquivo:

/etc/slackpkg/mirrors

Abra o arquivo em um editor de texto como nano ou vi e descomente a single mirror URL. Verifique se o URL menciona o número do release da versão do Slackware que você está executando! Além disso, escolha um espelho que esteja perto de você ou que você saiba que é rápido. Quando você tiver feito isso, você precisa inicializar o slackpkg's banco de dados executando

# slackpkg update gpg
# slackpkg update

Observe que o gerenciamento de pacotes é feito com o usuário ”root“!

Você precisará atualizar o banco de dados slackpkg periodicamente, quando aprender sobre a disponibilidade de novos patches para sua distribuição. Depois de atualizar o banco de dados, você pode fazer o download e instalar as atualizações. Mais uma vez, veja a página slackpkg para obter diretrizes sobre o uso desta ferramenta.

The slackpkg update command will connect to a Slackware mirror and update the local package information database on your computer. This command does not actually install any package!
The usual routine for upgrading your Slackware to the latest patches is as follows:

# slackpkg update
# slackpkg install-new
# slackpkg upgrade-all
# slackpkg clean-system

The “install-new”, “upgrade-all” and “clean-system” commands will always show you a list of candidate packages to act on before excecuting anything. This allows you to review the suggested package alterations and select/deselect anything you do not agree with.
The “clean-system” is technically only needed after you upgrade from one Slackware release to the next (say, from 14.1 to 14.2) and it is meant to remove any Slackware package which is not (or no longer) part of the core distribution.

The Slackware Essentials book has a chapter about keeping up to date. It would be good if you read it now if you have not done so already.

• One way to look out for updated packages (patches) is to subscribe yourself to the Slackware Security mailing list and act when you read about new patches.

• Another way is to setup a script to check for updates once a day and make the script email you when updates are available.
  For this to work you need to have sendmail configured (although it usually runs out of the box) and know how to create a cron job. And of course, have a script that does the work.
  An example of such a script is rsync_slackware_patches.sh which watches the Slackware ChangeLog.txt for updates. You download the script, edit it to use your favorite mirror server and make it executable so that it can be used in a cron job:

  # wget http://www.slackware.com/~alien/tools/rsync_slackware_patches.sh -O /usr/local/bin/rsync_slackware_patches.sh
  # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rsync_slackware_patches.sh

  The script uses a couple of defaults which you may want to change to suit your environment - such as the location where the script will download the patches to.
  Simply run the script once, and see what it reports:

  # /usr/local/bin/rsync_slackware_patches.sh
  [rsync_slackware_patches.sh:] Syncing patches for slackware version '13.37'.
  [rsync_slackware_patches.sh:] Target directory /home/ftp/pub/Linux/Slackware/slackware-13.37/patches does not exist!
  [rsync_slackware_patches.sh:] Please create it first, and then re-run this script.                            

  
  You notice that you will have to edit the script and define a local directory (and create that directory too!) for the script to use. When that is done, you should run the script once - for a first-time download of patches.
  Then you can use cron to run the script once a day. For instance, schedule the script to run at 05:33 every day, and let it check for updates to the 64-bit version of Slackware-13.37. Open the crontab editor by typing

  crontab -e

  and then you add the following line to your cron table:

  33 5 * * *      /usr/local/bin/rsync_slackware_patches.sh -q -r 13.37 -a x86_64

  This command will be executed silently (meaning you will not get emailed) if no new patches are found. However when the script finds updates it will download them and email you the script's output. You will get an email like this:

  [rsync_slackware_patches.sh:] New patches have arrived for Slackware 13.37 (x86_64)!
  
  .......................................................................
  
  0a1,10
  > Mon Sep 10 20:26:44 UTC 2012
  > patches/packages/seamonkey-2.12.1-x86_64-1_slack13.37.txz:  Upgraded.
  >   This is a bugfix release.
  > patches/packages/seamonkey-solibs-2.12.1-x86_64-1_slack13.37.txz:  Upgraded.
  >   This is a bugfix release.
  > +--------------------------+
  > Sun Sep  9 19:11:35 UTC 2012
  > patches/packages/mozilla-thunderbird-15.0.1-x86_64-1_slack13.37.txz:  Upgraded.
  >   This is a bugfix release.
  > +--------------------------+

  And then you know you have to update slackpkg and make it install the latest patches. This gives you control over your updates (you decide when you update) while being automatically warned about the availability of new patches (which will already have been downloaded for you).

If you installed the network packages, then at the end of the Slackware installation, you will have been asked a couple of simple questions, like:

• do you use DHCP;
• or else, what IP address do you want to use;
• what is your computer's hostname;
• do you have a (DNS) nameserver in the network?

All of these questions have resulted in the setup of a few network related configuration files.

• /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf
  This is where the details for your network interfaces go. Slackware's netconfig tool will only configure your eth0 interface. If you have additional network interfaces, you can edit the file with a text editor such as nano or vi and add you configuration details. There is a man page for this:

  man rc.inet1.conf

• /etc/resolv.conf
  This is where your nameserver and domain search list are added. If you use DHCP then the DHCP client will update the file. If you use static IP addresses, then you are supposed to edit the file yourself. There is a man page for this:

  man resolv.conf

• /etc/HOSTNAME
  This is where your computer's hostname is defined.
• /etc/hosts
  This is where you will find a definition for your loopback interface which connects that to your hostname. You can add further hostname-to-IP-address mappings in this file if you do not use a DNS server or if you need specific mappings which the DNS server does not provide. There is a man page for this:

  man hosts

If you want to read in more detail about how to configure your network, have a look at this online comprehensive guide to networking in Slackware.

To configure your wired network interface eth0, run (as root)

# netconfig

The same script which was run during the installation process.

On the assumption that you configured your wired connection with netconfig, your network should be connected automatically without the need for any post-installation configuration.

If you didn’t enter your network configuration details during installation, just run netconfig as root; then run

# /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 eth0_start

and you should have a working network connection instantaneously.

Most common wireless hardware is supported by Linux these days. You can search online if your wireless hardware is supported by 3rd parties that have written Linux drivers. If you want to know if your computer recognizes your wireless card, simply run

# iwconfig

as root. If that tool reports ”no wireless extensions“ for all your network interfaces then the kernel does not have a driver for your wireless card and you'll have to find one online.

As with the wired network interfaces, your wireless card is traditionally configured in the file /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf. You can read a lot more about it in this wireless configuration guide. There is also the man page:

# man rc.inet1.conf

You will also need to take steps to include wireless security, whether WEP or WPA2. Unencrypted wireless connections are strongly discouraged. Note that WPA/WPA2 encryption is not configured just in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf, you will also need to edit /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf and add an encryption key there.

Wireless encryption issues, in particular for WPA, can be hard to troubleshoot. Some basic troubleshooting steps are detailed in the above networking guide, just in case you do not get your computer associated to the Access Point.

Slackware currently has some alternatives to configure and monitor your network connections. These install a daemon (aka a background service) which will allow you to switch between wired and wireless connections easily. That makes them perfectly suited for mobile users. They come with graphical configuration utilities and do not depend on the traditional Slackware configuration files - in fact, those files will cause conflicts if they contain network configuration.

• You will find wicd in the extra section of the Slackware release tree (the word extra means that it is not part of the core distribution and will not have been installed as part of a full installation).
  After installing the wicd package, you have to make its init script executable so that the network daemon automatically starts at boot:

  # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.wicd

  You can then configure your network using the graphical tool wicd-client or if you are running Slackware 14 you can use the KDE widget for wicd instead. For console lovers, there is also wicd-curses which offers the same configuration capabilities as the X-based counterparts.

• Starting with Slackware 14, there is also Networkmanager. It will be installed as part of a full install, but the network daemon will not be started by default. As with wicd, you have to make its init script executable:

  # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager

  which will make NetworkManager start at boot. You will have to configure NetworkManager using an X-based graphical utility.
  Slackware 14 includes a KDE widget for Networkmanager. If you are using another Desktop Environment like XFCE, you can install the Gnome network-manager-applet from SlackBuilds.org.

It's recommended that you switch to Slackware's generic kernel. This is easy to do but there are a few steps to follow.

• You will need to create an initial RAM disk (”initrd“ for short). The initrd functions as a temporary root file system during the intial stage of the kernel booting, and it helps get the actual root system mounted when your system boots. Run this, as root:

  # /usr/share/mkinitrd/mkinitrd_command_generator.sh

  This command will not actually do anything. It is informational only, and will output something like this - depending on your kernel version, your hardware configuration, the root filesystem you chose when you installed Slackware and so on:

  #                                                                                                                       
  # mkinitrd_command_generator.sh revision 1.45                                                                           
  #
  # This script will now make a recommendation about the command to use
  # in case you require an initrd image to boot a kernel that does not
  # have support for your storage or root filesystem built in
  # (such as the Slackware 'generic' kernels').
  # A suitable 'mkinitrd' command will be:
  
  mkinitrd -c -k 3.2.29 -f ext4 -r /dev/sdb2 -m usb-storage:ehci-hcd:usbhid:ohci-hcd:mbcache:jbd2:ext4 -u -o /boot/initrd.gz

  Run the script's suggested mkinitrd commandline (as root) to generate the initrd.gz image.

• If you have installed LILO (the default bootloader of Slackware), then you will also need to make changes to its configuration file /etc/lilo.conf by adding a section to your Slackware entry as follows:

  image = /boot/vmlinuz-generic-3.2.29
    initrd = /boot/initrd.gz # add this line so that lilo sees initrd.gz
    root = /dev/sda1
    label = Slackware
    read-only

  Actually, the ”mkinitrd_command_generator.sh“ script will show an example section which can be added to /etc/lilo.conf if you pass it the name of the generic kernel as an argument, like this:

  # /usr/share/mkinitrd/mkinitrd_command_generator.sh -l /boot/vmlinuz-generic-3.2.29

  Note that it is recommended to add a new section instead of editing the existing kernel image section. Assign a unique label to your new section. After reboot, LILO will give you two options: to boot into your freshly added generic kernel, or to boot into the failsafe huge kernel (of which you are certain that it will work).

• After making the changes to /etc/lilo.conf you have to save the file and then run

   
  # lilo -v

  to make your change permanent. Then, reboot.

X.Org is the X-Window framework used in Slackware. The X server will usually auto-detect your graphics card and load applicable drivers. If auto-detect does not work (X crashes on startup), you will need to create a file /etc/X11/xorg.conf and set the correct options for your graphics card and display resolution. You can use

# X -configure 

to generate a basic xorg.conf configuration file in your current directory. This file can then be customized and placed in the /etc/X11/ directory. For a detailed overview of X configuration, check the xorg.conf manual page (man xorg.conf).

Many people use computers with a modern graphics card powered by a Nvidia or Ati GPU (graphics processing unit). The vendors of these high-performance graphics card offer non-free (proprietary binary-only) drivers for their cards. These binary-only drivers will boost your computer's graphical and in particular OpenGL performance. If you own such a card you may want to read our Wiki article ”Proprietary Graphics Drivers“.

To choose the Window Manager or Desktop Environment you wish to use, run the xwmconfig utility:

$ xwmconfig

and select one of the available options. Note that you can run the xwmconfig command as the root user which will set a global default for all users. By running the same command as your ordinary user account, you override that global default and pick your own.
After making your choice you can simply run

$ startx

Your preferred Desktop Environment or Window Manager will then start up.

To start with a graphical login screen on boot instead of Slackware's default console login, change the default runlevel to 4. Edit the file /etc/inittab and change the line that looks like

   id:3:initdefault:

to

   id:4:initdefault:

Note the difference from other Linux distributions; many of those use runlevel 5 for their graphical login. In Slackware, runlevel 5 is identical to runlevel 3 (console boot).

In the graphical runlevel, you will be greeted by one of the available display (login session) managers. Slackware will by default look for the availability of GDM (Gnome Display Manager), KDM (KDE Display Manager) and XDM (X Display Manager) - in that order. You can also install a third-party login manager like SliM but you will have to edit /etc/rc.d/rc.4 and add a call to your new session manager all the way at the top.

It may be of interest to new Linux users to explore the command line a bit more before installing a graphical desktop, just to learn some shell commands and applications available in non-graphical mode. Slackware excels in having an abundance of command line programs for a wide range of tasks.
For instance, web browsing can be done with lynx or links, which are console based web browsers. You can listen to music (even network audio streams) on the console using audio players like moc, mpg123, ogg123.

If you just installed the 64-bit version of Slackware (often called slackware64 or Slackware for x86_64) you will soon discover that it will refuse to run 32-bit programs like Wine. You may want to read our page on adding multilib capabilities in that case.

Even a Slackware user can benefit from good documentation (why else are you reading this?). Our suggestion is that you browse this Wiki for additional tips and HOWTOs. And don't forget to check out the root directory of the Slackware DVD or CD1! You'll find Slackware's own main documentation there. Every text file there is worth a read.

If you have been using Slackware for a while and want to upgrade to the next release once that becomes available, we have a nice HOWTO available here: Upgrading Slackware to a New Release

When tracking current, you should always read the latest ChangeLog.txt before upgrading the system, to see whether any additional steps are required to be performed before or after upgrading. For upgrades to a stable release, it is a good idea to read the UPGRADE.TXT and CHANGES_AND_HINTS.TXT files located on the CD/DVD or the official mirror.