[2024-feb-29] Sad news: Eric Layton aka Nocturnal Slacker aka vtel57 passed away on Feb 26th, shortly after hospitalization. He was one of our Wiki's most prominent admins. He will be missed.
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slackware:localization [2012/11/19 12:23 (UTC)] – [X11 keyboard setup] markush | slackware:localization [2013/02/09 23:35 (UTC)] (current) – Some fixes in language and layout. alienbob | ||
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====== Localization: | ====== Localization: | ||
- | <note important> | + | This page contains |
- | FIXME This page will contain | + | |
===== Overview ===== | ===== Overview ===== | ||
Contrary to other distributions, | Contrary to other distributions, | ||
- | During installation you have only the choice of keyboard-layout for the console and can choose support for UTF-8 in the console (which is done in lilo.conf with a kernel-parameter). | + | During installation you have only the choice of keyboard-layout for the console and can choose support for UTF-8 in the console (which is done in ''/ |
However, it is not hard to localize your Slackware system so that it displays commands in your own language and uses a graphical desktop environment which is using your language, metrics system and other localizations. | However, it is not hard to localize your Slackware system so that it displays commands in your own language and uses a graphical desktop environment which is using your language, metrics system and other localizations. | ||
- | There are several settings which more or less are independent from each other. The keyboard-layout for the console can be chosen during installation, | + | There are several settings which more or less are independent from each other. The keyboard-layout for the console can be chosen during installation, |
- | The environment-variable $LANG can be set system wide or "per user", | + | The environment-variable $LANG can be set system wide or "per user". Basically, this variable |
- | Also it is important to distinguish if the computer boots to run level 3 (console) or run level 4 (with X11). | + | Also it is important to distinguish if the computer boots to run level 3 (console) or run level 4 (graphical X-Window login). |
===== The Timezone ===== | ===== The Timezone ===== | ||
- | If you need to change the timezone of your system you can simply use (as root) the tool '' | + | If you need to change the timezone of your system you can simply use (as root) the tool '' |
- | < | + | cp / |
+ | </ | ||
===== Locale ===== | ===== Locale ===== | ||
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Slackware has a profile script which allows you to set the system' | Slackware has a profile script which allows you to set the system' | ||
- | / | + | / |
(users of C-shell and derivatives must edit ''/ | (users of C-shell and derivatives must edit ''/ | ||
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# en_US is the Slackware default locale: | # en_US is the Slackware default locale: | ||
export LANG=nl_NL.UTF-8 | export LANG=nl_NL.UTF-8 | ||
- | </ | + | </ |
==== Per User Configuration ==== | ==== Per User Configuration ==== | ||
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If you do not want to pre-define the locale for everyone, you can set these same environment variables for the individual user. | If you do not want to pre-define the locale for everyone, you can set these same environment variables for the individual user. | ||
- | In that case you would not be using ''/ | + | In that case you would not be using ''/ |
- | < | + | LANG=de_DE.utf8 |
+ | </ | ||
===== Console ===== | ===== Console ===== | ||
- | ** Note that only root is permitted to use liloconfig and pkgtool! ** | + | ** Note that only root is permitted to use '' |
==== Setting up LILO for Unicode ==== | ==== Setting up LILO for Unicode ==== | ||
Line 120: | Line 121: | ||
{{: | {{: | ||
- | If you choose the default option (" | + | If you choose the default option (" |
- | + | # Start LILO global section | |
- | < | + | |
# Append any additional kernel parameters: | # Append any additional kernel parameters: | ||
append=" | append=" | ||
- | boot = / | + | boot = /dev/sdx |
- | + | </ | |
- | Or by using liloconfig: | + | Or by using '' |
- | < | + | |
Reboot your system to apply changes. | Reboot your system to apply changes. | ||
- | //Note: liloconfig is also available from setup section of pkgtool.// | + | // |
==== Setting the console font ==== | ==== Setting the console font ==== | ||
- | System | + | The system |
{{: | {{: | ||
- | If you choose " | + | If you choose " |
- | This settings are stored in / | + | These settings are stored in '' |
- | If you chose not to install custom fonts, you can do that later: either by changing/ | + | If you chose not to install custom fonts, you can do that later: either by changing/ |
- | < | + | |
{{: | {{: | ||
- | //Note: setconsolefont shows only a fixed list of fonts. Any additionally installed fonts won't appear on the list.// | + | // |
- | //Note: setconsolefont is also available from setup section of pkgtool.// | + | // |
- | //Note: Console fonts are found in / | + | //Note: Console fonts are found in '' |
==== Temporarily changing the font ==== | ==== Temporarily changing the font ==== | ||
- | You can temporary | + | You can temporarily |
- | //Note that **setconsolefont also uses setfont internally**. so this applies to it too.// | + | //Note that **'' |
< | < | ||
- | When ran without an option, setfont loads the default font: | + | When invoked |
< | < | ||
- | |||
==== Loading a custom console keymap ==== | ==== Loading a custom console keymap ==== | ||
- | You can use setkeys tool to setup the current keymap. For example: | + | You can use the '' |
< | < | ||
- | Keymaps are located in / | + | Keymaps are located in '' |
Keymap files are compressed textual descriptions and are easily viewable with zcat. For example: | Keymap files are compressed textual descriptions and are easily viewable with zcat. For example: | ||
- | |||
< | < | ||
- | Which will show us all the comments in the first 10 lines of the file | + | Which will show us all the comments in the first 10 lines of the file: < |
- | + | # fr-pc.map for French PC keyboard (non-US 102 keys) | |
- | < | + | |
# | # | ||
# 1997-3-5 | # 1997-3-5 | ||
# Seak, Teng-Fong < | # Seak, Teng-Fong < | ||
- | #</ | + | # |
+ | </ | ||
==== Temporary Unicode consoles with unicode-start/ | ==== Temporary Unicode consoles with unicode-start/ | ||
- | If you want to set up Unicode only temporary, you can do that by using unicode-start and unicode-stop scripts (parts of kbd package). | + | If you want to set up Unicode only temporarily, you can do that by using the '' |
- | < | + | This will back-up the current keymap |
- | + | unicode-start font | |
- | This will back-up the current keymap into ~/.kbd, setup current virtual console for UTF-8 and load the default font (LatArCyrHeb-16). You can also specify a font of your choosing by adding parameters in the invocation of the script: | + | </ |
- | + | unicode-start font unimap | |
- | < | + | </ |
- | or: | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | for the description of font and unimap parameters and the default locations, check setfont manual: | + | For the description of //font// and //unimap// parameters and the default locations, check the '' |
< | < | ||
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==== Diagnostics ==== | ==== Diagnostics ==== | ||
- | You can check if the current console is properly configured for unicode. | + | You can check if the current console is properly configured for Unicode. |
Run stty with " | Run stty with " | ||
< | < | ||
- | If you see " | + | If you see " |
Run kbd_mode without arguments: | Run kbd_mode without arguments: | ||
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This will display the current keyboard mode (usually XLATE or UTF-8). | This will display the current keyboard mode (usually XLATE or UTF-8). | ||
- | |||
===== X11 Locales ===== | ===== X11 Locales ===== | ||
- | When your computer boots into runlevel 4 and uses one of the login-managers (for example: gdm, kdm or xdm), the ~/.profile file is sourced in any case. This means if your system uses "per user" settings (as described above) for $LANG, | + | When your computer boots into //runlevel 4// and uses one of the login managers (for example: gdm, kdm or xdm), the '' |
- | + | ||
- | When you startx from runlevel 3 your $LANG-settings from the console are applied to the windowmanager. | + | |
+ | When you run '' | ||
===== X11 keyboard setup ===== | ===== X11 keyboard setup ===== | ||
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**Keep in mind:** some desktop environments might use their own layout settings, practically overriding these settings. Most notable example is KDE. | **Keep in mind:** some desktop environments might use their own layout settings, practically overriding these settings. Most notable example is KDE. | ||
- | If you want a non-English keyboard-layout with X, you'll have to adapt the config files. The generic config-files are in / | + | If you want a non-English keyboard layout with X, you'll have to adapt the config files. The generic config files are found in '' |
- | The X-server reads only those config files within the / | + | The X-server reads only those config files within the / |
- | < | + | cp / |
- | Then open the file with your favorite text editor and find the line | + | </ |
- | < | + | Then open the file with your favorite text editor and find the line < |
- | Change " | + | Option " |
- | Additionally you may want to edit the line | + | </ |
- | < | + | Change " |
+ | Additionally you may want to edit the line < | ||
+ | Option " | ||
+ | </ | ||
and insert your favorite keyboard-variant, | and insert your favorite keyboard-variant, | ||
=== Using multiple keyboard layouts === | === Using multiple keyboard layouts === | ||
- | **Why is this useful? | + | |
+ | **Why is this useful?** | ||
* Several people use one computer but prefer different keyboard layouts. | * Several people use one computer but prefer different keyboard layouts. | ||
* People use another script (e.g. Greek or Cyrillic), they' | * People use another script (e.g. Greek or Cyrillic), they' | ||
Therefore this configuration can be very important although many people will never have to use it. | Therefore this configuration can be very important although many people will never have to use it. | ||
- | You can also specify more than one keyboard layout: | + | You can also specify more than one keyboard layout: < |
- | < | + | Option " |
+ | </ | ||
- | That also include | + | That also includes |
- | < | + | Option " |
- | Option " | + | Option " |
- | In this example we set-up | + | </ |
+ | In this example we configure | ||
=== Easy layout switching === | === Easy layout switching === | ||
- | You can also specify a shortcut to easily change the layout. | + | You can also specify a shortcut to easily change the layout. < |
- | < | + | Option " |
+ | </ | ||
+ | This will change the layout by pressing on Alt+Shift. | ||
- | This will change the layout by pressing on alt+shift. | + | There are also other group switching combinations you can setup ((See the complete list of options in '' |
- | + | ||
- | There are also other group switching combinations you can setup ((See the complete list of options in / | + | |
* grp:toggle - right alt | * grp:toggle - right alt | ||
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=== Changing the keyboard layout with setxkbmap === | === Changing the keyboard layout with setxkbmap === | ||
- | The following description addresses those users who need "per user" settings for their keyboard-layout in X11. This means that the system wide settings for X11 are different from their needs and it is not possible to change them. Read the manpage | + | The following description addresses those users who need "per user" settings for their keyboard-layout in X11. This means that the system wide settings for X11 are different from their needs and it is not possible to change them. Read the man page if you need detailed information. |
You can find out your current settings of the keyboard-layout in X11 with the command < | You can find out your current settings of the keyboard-layout in X11 with the command < | ||
+ | An overview of '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The language and variant of the keyboard layout can easily be configured with (the following example lines refer to German language with variant " | ||
+ | setxkbmap de | ||
+ | setxkbmap -variant nodeadkeys | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | The language and variant of the keyboard layout can be simply set with (the following examplelines refer to German language with variant " | ||
- | < | ||
- | setxkbmap -variant nodeadkeys</ | ||
== Where to place the code? == | == Where to place the code? == | ||
- | If your system boots into **runlevel 3**, which means that you login on the console and then startx, you can put the above code at the top of your ** ~/ | ||
- | If your system boots into **runlevel 4** and you login with login-manager like gdm, kdm or xdm, you should insert it to your ** ~/ | ||
+ | If your system boots into **runlevel 3**, which means that you login on the console and then startx, you can put the above code at the top of your ** ~/ | ||
+ | If your system boots into **runlevel 4** and you login with a login manager like gdm, kdm or xdm, you should insert it to your ** ~/ | ||
===== Desktop Environments ===== | ===== Desktop Environments ===== | ||
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When you're running KDE you'll have to install the language-package (l10n-packages) for your language. The KDE l10n-packages reside in the kdei series. If you download Slackware from a mirror, be sure not to download all of the l10n-packages but only the ones you need, there' | When you're running KDE you'll have to install the language-package (l10n-packages) for your language. The KDE l10n-packages reside in the kdei series. If you download Slackware from a mirror, be sure not to download all of the l10n-packages but only the ones you need, there' | ||
- | //Note: The following settings are not necessary when you startx from runlevel 3 and have your language settings already applied.// In this case KDE takes the settings from your environment. | + | //Note: The following settings are not necessary when you '' |
- | When the l10n-package is installed and you start KDE for the first time, open the launcher and click on <key>System Settings</key> | + | When the l10n-package is installed and you start KDE for the first time, open the launcher and click on //System Settings//. |
- | In the System Settings click on Locale and select | + | In the System Settings click on Locale and select |
- | Afterwards go through all the tabs and select your language, number-format, | + | Afterwards go through all the tabs and select your language, number-format, |
- | You can also configure the spelling-checker in this window. | + | You can also configure the spelling-checker in this window. |
When KDE is configured for your language, the office-suite Calligra starts automatically with the correct language-settings, | When KDE is configured for your language, the office-suite Calligra starts automatically with the correct language-settings, | ||
=== Keyboard layout === | === Keyboard layout === | ||
- | [[howtos: | + | We have a separate page in our Wiki for this: [[howtos: |
- | ==== Xfce localization==== | + | |
+ | ==== Xfce localization ==== | ||
XFCE doesn' | XFCE doesn' | ||
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=== Keyboard layout === | === Keyboard layout === | ||
- | [[howtos: | + | Please consult our Wiki page [[howtos: |
===== Dictionaries and Spelling checkers ===== | ===== Dictionaries and Spelling checkers ===== | ||
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==== Spelling checkers ==== | ==== Spelling checkers ==== | ||
- | By default Slackware comes with aspell, ispell and hunspell. The dictionary for English is already installed. For other languages you can find the dictionaries on the DVD or the mirrors in the / | + | By default Slackware comes with aspell, ispell and hunspell. The dictionary for English is already installed. For other languages you can find the dictionaries on the DVD or the mirrors in the '' |
==== Dictionaries for Applications ==== | ==== Dictionaries for Applications ==== | ||
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For people who write mails in various languages there' | For people who write mails in various languages there' | ||
- | If you have Libreoffice | + | If you have LibreOffice |
===== Applications ===== | ===== Applications ===== | ||
- | Most programs in Slackware come with multi language support out of the box. They will adapt their behaviour | + | Most programs in Slackware come with multi-language support out of the box. They will adapt their behavior |
There are a few notable exceptions. Slackware' | There are a few notable exceptions. Slackware' | ||
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==== Mozilla-Firefox ==== | ==== Mozilla-Firefox ==== | ||
- | AlienBob provides an l10n [[http://connie.slackware.com/ | + | AlienBob provides an l10n [[http:// |
It is also possible to do it pretty much the same way as with Mozilla-Thunderbird (see below). After installing the xpi-file you type '' | It is also possible to do it pretty much the same way as with Mozilla-Thunderbird (see below). After installing the xpi-file you type '' | ||
+ | |||
==== Mozilla-Thunderbird ==== | ==== Mozilla-Thunderbird ==== | ||
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AlienBob provides [[http:// | AlienBob provides [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
===== Further Reading ===== | ===== Further Reading ===== | ||
- | For those of you who are interested in additional information, | + | For those of you who are interested in additional information, |
- | Thanks to Didier Spaier for contributing.\\ | + | Thanks to Didier Spaier for contributing. |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
====== Sources ====== | ====== Sources ====== | ||
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* Contributions by [[wiki: | * Contributions by [[wiki: | ||
* Contributions by [[wiki: | * Contributions by [[wiki: | ||
- | <!-- * Contributions by [[wiki: | ||
<!-- Please do not modify anything below, except adding new tags.--> | <!-- Please do not modify anything below, except adding new tags.--> | ||
{{tag> | {{tag> | ||