[2024-feb-29] Sad news: Eric Layton aka Nocturnal Slacker aka vtel57 passed away on Feb 26th, shortly after hospitalization. He was one of our Wiki's most prominent admins. He will be missed.
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ru:slackbook:install [2013/11/12 14:00 (UTC)] – создано streamthreader | ru:slackbook:install [2013/11/20 16:14 (UTC)] (текущий) – [Разметка диска] streamthreader | ||
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====== Установка ====== | ====== Установка ====== | ||
- | |||
<note important> | <note important> | ||
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+ | | ||
+ | | ||
- | Slackware' | ||
- | other Linux distributions and is very reminiscent of installing one of the | ||
- | varieties of BSD operating systems. | ||
- | should feel right at home. If you've never installed Slackware or have | ||
- | only used distributions that make use of graphical installers, you may | ||
- | feel a bit overwhelmed at first. | ||
- | once you understand it, and it works on just about any x86 or x86_64 | ||
- | platform. | ||
+ | ===== Загрузка установщика ===== | ||
- | The latest versions of Slackware | + | |
- | media, but Slackware can be installed in a variety of other ways. We' | + | |
- | only going to focus on the most common method - booting from a DVD - in | + | |
- | this book. If you don't have a CD or DVD drive, you might wish to take | + | |
- | a look at the various README files inside the | + | |
- | '' | + | |
- | Slackware mirror. This directory includes the necessary files and | + | |
- | instructions for booting the Slackware installer from a USB flash drive | + | |
- | or from a network card that support PXE. The files there are the best | + | |
- | source of information available for such boot methods. | + | |
- | ===== Booting the Installer ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Booting the installer is simply a process of inserting the Slackware | + | |
- | install disk into your CD or DVD drive and rebooting. You may have to | + | |
- | enter your computer' | + | |
- | optical drive at a higher boot priority than your hard drives. Some | + | |
- | computers allow you to change the boot order on the fly by pressing a | + | |
- | specific function key during system boot-up. Since every computer is | + | |
- | different, we can't offer instructions on how to do this, but the | + | |
- | method is simple on nearly all machines. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Once your computer boots from the CD you'll be taken to a screen that | + | |
- | allows you to enter any special kernel parameters. This is here | + | |
- | primarily to allow you to use the installer as a sort of rescue disk. | + | |
- | Some systems may need special kernel parameters in order to boot, but | + | |
- | these are very rare exceptions to the norm. Most users can simply press | + | |
- | enter to let the kernel boot. | + | |
+ | | ||
< | < | ||
Строка 68: | Строка 36: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | + | После нажатия на клавишу | |
- | After pressing | + | Не паникуйте, это абсолютно нормально. Текст который вы видите генерируется ядром во время загрузки и |
- | you should see a lot of text go flying across your screen. Don't be | + | инспектировании устройств вашего компьютера, |
- | alarmed, this is all perfectly normal. The text you see is generated by | + | Позже вы сможете прочитать все эти сообщения командой |
- | the kernel during boot-up as it discovers your hardware and prepares to | + | Обычно эти сообщения очень важны для устранения проблем с железом. Как только ядро проинспектирует все устройства, |
- | load the operating system | + | прекратиться выдача новых сообщений, и вам предоставят возможность выбрать отличную от английского языка раскладку клавиатуры. |
- | read these messages with the **// | + | |
- | command if you're interested. Often these messages are very important | + | |
- | for troubleshooting any hardware problems you may have. Once the kernel | + | |
- | has completed its hardware discovery, the messages should stop and | + | |
- | you'll be given an option to load support for non-us keyboards. | + | |
< | < | ||
Строка 91: | Строка 53: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | + | Введите | |
- | Entering | + | список всех возможных раскладок для клавиатуры. |
- | give you a list of keyboard mappings. Simply select the mapping that | + | Просто выберите раскладку вашей клавиатуры, |
- | matches your keyboard type and continue on. | + | |
< | < | ||
Строка 122: | Строка 82: | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | В отличии от других дистрибутивов Linux, которые сразу загрузят для вас | ||
+ | отдельную программу установки, | ||
+ | в оперативную память компьютера. | ||
+ | Этот ограниченный дистрибутив может быть использован для запуска установочных программ вручную, | ||
+ | или для исправления проблем с загрузкой. | ||
+ | Теперь вы можете зайти в систему как пользователь root (без пароля в режиме инсталятора), | ||
+ | В этом промежутке, | ||
+ | эта тема выходит за рамки этой книги. Я советую вам ознакомиться с файлами '' | ||
+ | '' | ||
+ | Большинству пользователей, | ||
+ | ===== Разметка диска ===== | ||
- | Unlike other Linux distributions which boot you directly into a | + | В отличии от большинства других дистрибутивов |
- | dedicated installer program, Slackware's installer places you in a | + | специальных графических инструментов для разметки диска. |
- | limited Linux distribution loaded into your system' | + | Скорее, использует традиционные инструменты Linux, для разметки, |
- | limited distribution is then used to run all the installation programs | + | доступны сразу после установки системы. Традиционно, |
- | manually, or can be used in emergencies to fix a broken system that | + | **// |
- | fails to boot. Now that you're logged in as root (there is no password | + | **// |
- | within the installer) it's time to start setting up your disks. At this | + | **// |
- | point, you may setup software RAID or LVM support if you wish or even | + | основан на curses, но работает так же. |
- | an encrypted root partition, but | + | Дополнительно в Slackware включён **// |
- | those topics are outside of the scope of this book. I encourage you to | + | Это более мощные консольные утилиты, |
- | refer to the excellent '' | + | **// |
- | '' | + | на сегодняшних больших дисках. |
- | '' | + | В этой книге, мы с фокусируемся на использовании **// |
- | setup your system with these advanced tools. Most users won't have any | + | другие инструменты очень схожи. |
- | need to do so and should proceed directly to partitioning. | + | Вы можете найти дополнительные инструкции по использованию этих утилит, |
- | ===== Partitioning ===== | + | в страницах помощи man. |
- | Unlike many other Linux distributions, Slackware does not make use of a | + | Для разметки жёсткого диска, вам необходимо сначала разобраться, |
- | dedicated graphical disk partitioning tool in its installer. Rather, | + | В Linux, |
- | Slackware makes use of the traditional | + | Эти файлы |
- | very same tools that you will have available once you've installed | + | Сегодня все жёсткие диски идентифицируются ядром как диски SCSI, и соответственно c |
- | Slackware. Traditionally, | + | ними сопоставляется файл устройств, например '' |
- | **// | + | |
- | **// | + | |
- | **// | + | |
- | it is curses menu-based, but either works well. Additionally, | + | |
- | includes **//sfdisk// | + | |
- | **// | + | |
- | partitioning tools. **// | + | |
- | alter GUID partition tables found on some of today's larger hard | + | |
- | drives. In this book, we're going to focus on using | + | |
- | **// | + | |
- | can find additional instructions for using these other tools online or | + | |
- | in their man pages. | + | |
+ | (Когда-то каждый тип жёстких дисков имел свой уникальный идентификатор, | ||
+ | первого IDE диска. Спустя годы, подсистема ядра SCSI перешла к общей системе доступа для всех типов | ||
+ | жёстких дисков и оптических приводов, | ||
+ | Если вы думаете что это сильно запутанно, | ||
+ | Sata CD-ROM и USB флешь накопитель, | ||
+ | Нынешняя система не только " | ||
- | In order to partition your hard drive, you'll first need to know how to | + | Если вы не знаете с каким файлом-устройством ассоциированн жёсткий диск, |
- | identify it. In Linux, all hardware is identified by a special file | + | **// |
- | called a device file. These are (typically) located in the | + | |
- | ''/ | + | |
- | are identified as SCSI hard drives by | + | |
- | the kernel, and as such, they' | + | |
- | ''/ | + | |
- | had its own unique identifier such as /dev/hda for the first IDE drive. | + | |
- | Over the years the kernel' | + | |
- | access system and came to be used for all hard disks and optical drives | + | |
- | no matter how they are connected to your computer. If you think this is | + | |
- | confusing, imagine what it would be like if you had a system with a | + | |
- | SCSI hard drive, a SATA CD-ROM, and a USB memory stick, all with | + | |
- | unique subsystem indentifiers. The current system is not only cleaner, | + | |
- | but performs better as well.) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | If you don't know which device node is | + | |
- | assigned to your hard drive, | + | |
- | find out. | + | |
< | < | ||
Строка 189: | Строка 135: | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | Здесь, в моей системе вы можете наблюдать жёсткий диск находящийся в ''/ | ||
+ | размером 72.7GB. | ||
- | Here, you can see that my system has a hard drive located at | + | You can also see some additional information about this hard drive. |
- | ''/ | + | |
- | see some additional information about this hard drive. | + | |
The //-l// argument to | The //-l// argument to | ||
**// | **// | ||
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<!-- You must also remove the tag-word " | <!-- You must also remove the tag-word " | ||
{{tag> | {{tag> | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Once you have prepared the disk partitions for Linux, type ' | ||
+ | the installation process. | ||
+ | |||
+ | - If you do not have a color monitor, type: TERM=vt100 | ||
+ | before you start ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may now login as ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | slackware login: root | ||
+ |