[2024-feb-29] Sad news: Eric Layton aka Nocturnal Slacker aka vtel57 passed away on Feb 26th, shortly after hospitalization. He was one of our Wiki's most prominent admins. He will be missed.
Diferencias
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es:howtos:misc:get_acquainted_with_slackware [2019/01/29 17:05 (UTC)] – [Recursos] pedro.herrero | es:howtos:misc:get_acquainted_with_slackware [2019/03/10 19:17 (UTC)] (actual) – [Instalación, configuración, arranque] antares_alf | ||
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===== Conozca Slackware ===== | ===== Conozca Slackware ===== | ||
Línea 19: | Línea 17: | ||
* [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[http:// |
* [[http:// | * [[http:// | ||
* El [[http:// | * El [[http:// | ||
Línea 62: | Línea 60: | ||
Después de la instalación, | Después de la instalación, | ||
- | ==== Installation, | ||
- | === Installation === | ||
- | The installation media can be obtained on Slackware' | + | ==== Instalación, |
- | Slackware provides a text installer, the document Slackware-HOWTO presents | + | === Instalación === |
- | the installation process. | + | |
- | The genuine installer is only available in English but the project | + | Los medios de instalación se pueden obtener en el sitio web de Slackware (ver arriba). |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | installers]], | + | |
- | language, the keyboard layout and creating ordinary users. A | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | polyglot versions of the main administration tools and/or their manual | + | |
- | pages. Since version 14.1 the Slint installers can be controlled by a | + | |
- | Braille terminal, that can also be used to control the installed system. | + | |
- | === Configuration post-installation === | + | Slackware proporciona un instalador de texto, el documento de Slackware-COMO ilustra el proceso de instalación. |
- | The tasks of configuration and administration must be carried out as | + | El auténtico instalador sólo está disponible en Inglés pero el proyecto [[http://slint.fr|Slint]] ofrece [[http://slint.fr/installer.html|instaladores multilenguaje]], |
- | root. If you are logged in as a normal user, type '' | + | |
- | privileges) or '' | + | |
- | available, is rarely used to administer Slackware. | + | |
- | * To create " | + | |
- | * To change the font for the console type '' | + | |
- | * To change the console keymap edit /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap and make it executable | + | |
- | * To change the LANG edit /etc/profile.d/lang.sh and case occurring / | + | |
- | * To modify the keyboard settings for X (in graphical mode), copy usr/share/ | + | |
- | * You can re-run the setup scripts (already used at the end of installation) using the command '' | + | |
- | Slackware includes the main text editors such as pico, nano, elvis and vim | + | === Configuración post-instalación === |
- | and file managers mc and thunar and, of course, all common utilities and | + | |
- | shells, useful to configure and administer the system. | + | |
- | In general, Slackware does not prejudge how the system will be used. It is up | + | Las tareas de configuración y administración se deben llevar a cabo como root. Si está conectado como usuario normal, teclee '' |
- | to the administrator to customize it for its intended usage by editing the | + | |
- | configuration files located in /etc or its sub-directories. It helps to read the comments | + | |
- | in scripts for management of services located in /etc/rc.d as well as in the | + | |
- | configuration files. | + | |
- | === Startup === | + | * Para crear usuarios " |
+ | * Para cambiar la fuente de la consola teclee '' | ||
+ | * Para cambiar la distribución del teclado de la consola edite / | ||
+ | * Para cambiar el LANG edite / | ||
+ | * Para modificar los ajustes de teclado para X (en modo gráfico), copie / | ||
+ | * Puede relanzar los scripts de instalación (ya utilizados al final de la instalación) utilizando el comando '' | ||
- | At first startup after installation your system will be in " | + | Slackware incluye los editores de texto principales, tales como pico, nano, elvis y vim, y los gestores de archivos mc y thunar y, por supuesto, todas las utilidades y shells, útiles para configurar y administrar el sistema. |
- | without a GUI. If you prefer to start in graphical mode, replace | + | |
- | " | + | |
- | the file / | + | |
- | Otherwise, to switch from console to graphical mode, choose first your | + | En general, Slackware no prejuzga el cómo se va a utilizar el sistema. Depende del administrador adaptarlo para sus intenciones editando los archivos de configuración situados en /etc o en sus sub-directorios. Ayuda tanto leer los comentarios en los archivos de administración de los servicios en /etc/rc.d como los archivos de configuración. |
- | window manager or desktop by default through command '' | + | |
- | root (for all) or as ordinary user (for that user). Then type '' | + | |
- | start this window manager or desktop from the console after system startup. | + | |
- | In Slackware the run levels configured in / | + | === El arranque === |
- | * 0: shutdown | + | |
- | * 1: single user | + | |
- | * 3: multi user (default level) | + | |
- | * 4: idem 3, but with a sessions manager for X | + | |
- | * 7: reboot | + | |
- | At these levels correspond scripts in /etc/rc.d: | + | Al primer arranque tras la instalación el sistema estará en modo " |
- | * rc.S runs at startup, it initializes the system, checks then mount the file systems. | + | |
- | * rc.M in multi user mode starts most services | + | |
- | * rc.K goes into single user mode (run level 1 or S). | + | |
- | * rc.4 starts a session manager: gdm, kdm or xdm, others can be added editing that script. | + | |
- | * rc.0 shuts down the system (symlink to rc.6). | + | |
- | * rc.6 reboots or shuts down (if called as rc.0) the system cleanly. | + | |
- | Note. The administrator can add services scripts (daemons manager) in | + | De otra manera, para cambiar de modo consola a modo gráfico, elija primero su gestor de ventanas predeterminado mediante el comando |
- | /etc/rc.d. Place the '' | + | |
- | '' | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | In addition | + | En Slackware |
- | level in a '' | + | * 0: apagado |
- | distribution | + | * 1: usuario simple |
+ | * 3: multi-usuario | ||
+ | * 4: igual que 3, pero con gestor de sesión en X | ||
+ | * 7: reinicio | ||
- | The management of services to be launched at startup can be done: | + | A estos niveles les corresponden scripts en /etc/rc.d: |
- | * manually making executable: | + | * rc.S se ejecuta en el arranque, inicializa el sistema, revisa y monta los sistemas de archivos. |
- | * using the command '' | + | * rc.M en el modo multi-usuario inicia la mayoría de los servicios |
+ | * rc.K lleva al modo usuario simple | ||
+ | * rc.4 arranca el gestor de sesiones: gdm, kdm o xdm, otros se pueden añadir editando ese script. | ||
+ | * rc.0 apaga el sistema (enlaza simbólicamente a rc.6) | ||
+ | * rc.6 limpiamente reinicia o apaga el sistema (si se llama como rc.0). | ||
- | Note. As all administration tools, | + | Nota. El administrador puede añadir scripts de servicios (gestores de demonios) en /etc/rc.d. Situe el '' |
- | ==== Management of software packages ==== | + | Slackware |
- | === Presentation of Slackware software | + | |
- | Slackware is distributed as a set of software packages containing | + | La gestión de los servicios |
- | applications and associated documents, and if necessary scripts executed | + | * Manualmente haciendo ejecutable: ('' |
- | during installation, | + | * Utilizando el comando '' |
- | configuration files and services' | + | |
- | A Slackware package consists in a file tree archived with '' | + | Nota. Como todas las herramientas administrativas, '' |
- | compressed | + | |
- | A shell script called " | + | ==== La gestión de los paquetes de software ==== |
- | archive and installs them in the package' | + | === Presentación de los paquetes de software de Slackware === |
- | usually ends with the execution of the '' | + | |
- | archive from the package' | + | |
- | appropriate installation scripts, cf. "man makepkg" | + | |
- | The software | + | Slackware se distribuye como un conjunto de paquetes de software |
- | above. Each of these directories contains following files: | + | |
- | * PACKAGES.TXT => Name, size, and description of each package.\\ | + | |
- | * FILE_LIST => All files included in the directory.\\ | + | |
- | * MANIFEST.bz2 => The characteristics of each file (to be) installed by each package (file compressed with '' | + | |
- | The directories slackware/ or slackware64/ | + | Un paquete de Slackware consiste en un árbol de archivos empaquetados con '' |
- | ap/, d/, etc. These series are described in README.TXT and Slackware-HOWTO | + | |
- | at the root of the installation media. They are presented during | + | |
- | installation. | + | |
- | During | + | Un script de shell llamado " |
- | are proposed. | + | |
- | Important: as Slackware does not automatically manage dependencies between | + | Los paquetes de software |
- | software, it is recommended to beginners to perform a complete or " | + | * PACKAGES.TXT => Nombre, tamaño, y descripción de cada paquete.\\ |
- | installation: all the files needed to run the applications are provided in | + | * FILE_LIST => Todos los archivos incluidos en el directorio.\\ |
- | Slackware packages, thus installing them all guarantees that all | + | * MANIFEST.bz2 => Las características de cada archivo (que será) instalado por cada paquete (archivo comprimido con '' |
- | dependencies will be met. | + | |
- | To each software | + | Los directorios slackware/ o slackware64/ |
- | * in the source/ sub-directory of directories | + | |
- | * in the source/ | + | Durante una instalación completa, todos los paquetes en slackware/ o en slackware64/ |
+ | |||
+ | Importante: puesto que Slackware no maneja las dependencias automáticamente entre el software, se recomienda | ||
+ | |||
+ | A cada paquete de software le corresponde un directorio fuente, situado: | ||
+ | * en /source, subdirectorio de los directorios | ||
+ | * en el directorio | ||
+ | |||
+ | Por ejemplo, para la versión 14.1 los contenidos del directorio source/ap/tmux/ son: | ||
- | For instance, for version 14.1 the contents of the directory source/ | ||
- | is: | ||
< | < | ||
. | . | ||
- | |-- slack-desc | + | |-- slack-desc |
- | |-- tmux-1.8.tar.xz | + | |-- tmux-1.8.tar.xz |
- | `-- tmux.SlackBuild | + | `-- tmux.SlackBuild |
</ | </ | ||
- | This allows in particular | + | Esto en particular |
- | and/or for a newer version by editing the SlackBuild, and case occuring | + | |
- | copying in the package source directory a different version of the | + | |
- | software's source archive. | + | |
- | In our example to modernize | + | En nuestro ejemplo para modernizar |
- | tmux-1.9a.tar.gz | + | |
- | it in source/ | + | |
- | ' | + | |
- | that can replace the previous one with the command | + | |
/ | / | ||
- | === The Slackware | + | === La base de datos de los paquetes de Slackware === |
- | It consists of text files in the directory | + | Consiste en archivos de texto en el directorio |
- | / | + | / |
- | lists installed files\\ | + | / |
- | / | + | / |
- | commands run by installation | + | / |
- | / | + | |
- | provide information about deleted package\\ | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | scripts | + | |
- | As they are text files, you can read them with '' | + | Al ser archivos de texto, los puede leer con '' |
- | editor. | + | |
- | for example to know the contents of a package, in which packages(s) is | + | |
- | shipped an installed file or whether a file was modified or deleted since | + | |
- | installation. | + | |
- | The files PACKAGES.TXT | + | Los archivos |
- | also used for their management. | + | |
- | === Installing, removing and updating | + | === Instalando, borrando y actualizando paquetes de software === |
- | These functions are provided respectively by the commands | + | Estas funciones están provistas respectivamente con los comandos |
- | '' | + | '' |
- | Caution: '' | + | Precauación: '' |
- | installs the specified package then removes the previously installed one, | + | |
- | regardless of their respective versions. | + | |
- | The command | + | El comando |
- | content of packages and more generally administer the system: '' | + | |
- | the "Swiss army knife" | + | |
- | know the tool browsing its menu. | + | |
- | The command | + | El comando |
- | in addition an access to a local or remote mirror of official | + | |
- | packages. This allows | + | |
- | the system up to date with a single command. Its operation is governed by | + | |
- | the configuration files / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | === The software package' | ||
- | The [[http:// | + | === La base de datos de los paquetes en el sitio web de Slackware |
- | following criteria: | + | |
- | * Package | + | |
- | * Label | + | |
- | * Description | + | |
- | * Content | + | |
- | in one or more packages | + | El [[http://packages.slackware.com/|Gestor de Paquetes de Slackware]] permite hacer una búsqueda utilizando los siguientes criterios: |
- | up to " | + | * Paquete |
- | It also provides access to the files' tree of each of | + | * Etiqueta |
- | these versions. | + | * Descripción |
+ | * Contenido | ||
- | === Complete | + | en uno o más directorios de paquetes, para todas las versiones de Slackware |
- | Slackware | + | === Slackware |
- | Volkerding: | + | |
- | >When I started this project, it really wasn't my intent to provide every possible package, application, | + | Slackware no proporciona todo el software existente. Como Patrick Volkerding escribió: |
- | Most of the applications missing from Slackware are available on the | + | >Cuando empecé este proyecto, no era realmente mi intención proporcionar todos los paquetes posibles, aplicación, |
- | community website http:// | + | |
- | packages, but everything needed to build them minus the sources files. | + | |
- | For information on using the provided materials, see http:// | + | La mayoría de las aplicaciones que faltan en Slackware están disponibles en el sitio web de la comunidad |
- | The '' | + | Para información sobre utilizar los materiales proporcionados, |
- | usage of Slackbuilds available in http:// | + | |
- | download of everything needed, then the construction and installation of | + | |
- | packages. See "man sbopkg" | + | |
- | /etc/ | + | |
- | Furthermore the '' | + | El software |
- | /usr/doc/sbopkg-< | + | |
- | automatically forming ordered dependencies lists or "queue files" | + | |
- | -h' for details. You should edit the beginning of the script '' | + | |
- | use. | + | |
- | Finally, some trusted third party offer packages already built. See | + | Aún más la aplicación '' |
- | especially those offered by Eric Hameleers aka | + | |
- | [[http://www.slackware.com/~alien/slackbuilds/|Alien BOB]], | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | The website | + | Finalmente, algunos terceros de confianza ofrecen paquetes ya construidos. Vea especialmente aquellos ofrecidos por Eric Hameleers aka [[http:// |
- | such as those proposed by distributions derived from Slackware, | + | [[http:// |
- | maintained mainly by George Vlahavas, | + | [[http:// |
- | such as [[http:// | + | |
- | Willy Sudiarto Raharjo, | + | El sitio web http:// |
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
- | Packages that can be installed on Slackware | + | Paquetes que se puedan instalar en Slackware |
- | elsewhere. Important warnings: | + | * Conozca quién propone estos paquetes y preferiblemente confíe en colaboradores de Slackware |
- | * Know who proposes these packages and preferably trust contributors of Slackware | + | * Inpeccione cuidadosamente los contenidos de los paquetes antes de la instalación, incluyendo una comprobación de los permisos de los archivos y cualquier cambio en los archivos y directorios presentes. Use '' |
- | * Carefully inspect the contents of packages before installation, including a check of the permissions of files and any changes to existing directories and files. Use '' | + | * No instale nunca un paquete cuyas fuentes y Slackbuild no estén disponibles. |
- | * Never install a package whose sources and SlackBuild are not available. | + | |
+ | Finalmente, el plugin no oficial [[http:// | ||
- | Finally, the unofficial plugin | + | === Construya sus propios paquetes === |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | to directories containing " | + | |
- | === Build your own packages === | + | Este es el método recomendado si no hay Slackbuilds disponibles, |
- | This is the recommended method if no SlackBuild is available, to benefit of | + | El software '' |
- | the Slackware | + | |
- | The software '' | ||
- | makepkg" | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
- | inspire you. Browse [[http:// | ||
- | " | ||
- | ==== Maintainance of the system | + | ==== El mantenimiento del sistema |
- | To be informed of the availability of software | + | Para estar informado de la disponibilidad de paquetes de software |
- | breaches, email majordomo@slackware.com | + | slackware-security" |
- | slackware-security" | + | |
- | The page [[http:// | + | La página |
- | Changelogs of stable | + | |
- | For a stable version updates are few, because they are only intended to fill | + | Las actualizaciones para la versión estable son pocas, porque están pensadas sólo para cubrir un brecha en la seguridad o para corregir un fallo mayor y no simplemente para proporcionar una versión más reciente del software |
- | a security breach or to correct a major bug and not just to provide a more | + | |
- | recent version of software | + | |
- | to modernize their software | + | |
- | for how to do that: Slackware | + | |
- | succession of stable versions. | + | |
- | Updating or reinstalling | + | Actualizar o reinstalar un paquete puede conducir |
- | configuration file) already installed. In this case if they don't match the | + | |
- | system will install a new file next to the precedent with a .new extension | + | |
- | and you get to decide what to do on a case by case basis: merge the two | + | |
- | files, keep the former as is or replace it with the new one. | + | |
- | The practice of installing on a system a software | + | La práctica de instalar en un sistema un paquete de software |
- | version of Slackware | + | |
- | package for the installed version, running the SlackBuild in a copy of the | + | |
- | source directory of that package, gathered from the other version. And of | + | |
- | course, it is strongly unadvised to install packages intended for or | + | |
- | included in another distribution, unless it be deemed | + | |
- | Slackware's identical version. | + | |
- | The dissemination of " | + | La divulgación de " |
- | development of the future stable version, allowing those who wish to test | + | ====== |
- | the work in progress and report problems. It should neither be used in | + | * Escrito originalmente por [[wiki: |
- | production nor considered as a proper way of updating a stable release. | + | * Traducido por [[wiki: |
- | ====== | + | |
- | * Originally written by [[wiki: | + | |
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